- Identification of the author of disputed handwriting, and/or signatures to determine if they are genuine or a forgery. Handwriting verification, which attempts to prove the authorship of the question document and the known documents.
- Signature verification which attempts to prove whether the signatures in dispute and admitted signatures are of common authorship or different.
- Writing and disguised writings which attempts at fontifying whether the writing have been disguised intentionally.
- Using specialized techniques, documents can examined to detect alterations, additions, erasures and obliterations, and the paper, ink and printing substrate can be examined to distinguish between them.
• Alteration, erasing and over-writings.